Tarragona, Spain:

Tarragona is a city located in the south of Catalonia on the north-east of Spain, by the Mediterranean. It is the capital of the province of the same name and of the Tarragonès comarca. Geographically, it is bordered on the north by the province of Barcelona and the province of Lleida. The capital city has a population of 134,085 inhabitants.One Catalan legend holds that it was named for Tarraho, eldest son of Tubal in c. 2407 BC; another attributes the name to 'Tearcon the Ethiopian', a 7th-century BC pharaoh who supposedly campaigned in Spain. The real founding date of Tarragona is unknown.In Roman times, the city was named Tarraco and was capital of the province of Hispania Tarraconensis.The Roman colony founded at Tarraco had the full name of Colonia Iulia Urbs Triumphalis Tarraco.The city may have begun as an Iberic town called Kesse or Kosse, named for the Iberic tribe of the region, the Cossetans, though the identification of Tarragona with Kesse is not certain.Smith suggests that the city was probably founded by the Phoenicians, who called it 'Tarchon, which, according to Samuel Bochart, means a citadel. This name was probably derived from its situation on a high rock, between 250 and 300 feet above the sea; whence we find it characterised as arce potens Tarraco.It was seated on the river Sulcis or Tulcis, on a bay of the Mare Internum, between the Pyrenees and the river Iberus.Livy mentions a portus Tarraconis and according to Eratosthenes it had a naval station or roads but Artemidorus says with more probability that it had none, and scarcely even an anchoring place; and Strabo himself calls it ἀλίμενος.This answers better to its present condition; for though a mole was constructed in the 15th century with the materials of the ancient amphitheatre, and another subsequently by an Englishman named John Smith, it still affords but little protection for shipping.Tarraco lies on the main road along the south-eastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula.It was fortified and much enlarged by the brothers Publius and Gnaeus Scipio, who converted it into a fortress and arsenal against the Carthagenians. Subsequently it became the capital of the province named after it, a Roman colony, and conventus juridicus.

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