The Soča or Isonzo is a 138 km long river that flows through western Slovenia and northeastern Italy.An Alpine river in character, its source lies in the Trenta Valley in the Julian Alps in northwestern Slovenia, at an elevation of 876 metres.The river runs past the towns of Bovec, Kobarid, Tolmin, Kanal ob Soči, Nova Gorica, and Gorizia, entering the Adriatic Sea close to the Italian town of Monfalcone.The river was recorded in antiquity as Aesontius, Sontius, and Isontius. Later attestations include super Sontium, a flumine Isontio, in Lisonçum, an die Ysnicz, and an der Snicz. The Slovene name Soča is derived from the form *Sǫťa, which was borrowed from Latin Sontius. In turn, this is probably based on the substrate name *Aisontia, presumably derived from the PIE root *Hei̯s- 'swift, rushing', referring to a quickly moving river. Another possible origin is the pre-Romance root *ai̯s- 'water, river'.

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Slovenia, officially the Republic of Slovenia Republika Slovenija, is a nation state in southern Central Europe at the crossroads of main European cultural and trade routes.It borders Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Croatia to the south and southeast, and Hungary to the northeast.It covers 20,273 square kilometers and has a population of 2.05 million.It is a parliamentary republic and a member of the European Union and NATO.Its capital and largest city is Ljubljana.Four major European geographic units meet on the territory of Slovenia: the Alps, the Dinaric Mountains, the Pannonian Plain, and the Mediterranean, with a small portion of coastline along the Adriatic Sea.The territory has a mosaic structure and an exceptionally high landscape and biological diversity, which are a result of natural attributes and the long-term presence of humans.Although the climate in the mainly hilly territory is influenced by the continental climate, the Slovene Littoral has the sub-Mediterranean climate, while the Alpine climate is found in the north-western part of the country.The country is one of the most water-rich in Europe, with a dense river network, a rich aquifer system, and significant karstic underground watercourses.Over half of the territory is covered by forest.The settlement of Slovenia is dispersed and uneven.

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